tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15546859557138287172024-03-14T04:07:03.984+07:00Erfan EducationUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger47125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-4357327457187656592023-10-21T12:28:00.002+07:002023-10-21T12:29:12.704+07:00Alasan Mengapa Anak Tidak Berani Menceritakan Masalah Mereka Kepada OrangtuanyaAda beberapa alasan mengapa anak merasa ragu untuk menceritakan masalahnya kepada orang tuanya. Salah satu alasan utamanya adalah rasa takut dihakimi atau dimarahi oleh orang tuanya. Anak juga mungkin merasa orang tuanya tidak mudah didekati atau tidak memahami permasalahannya. Alasan lainnya karena anak-anak mungkin merasa malu atau malu untuk menceritakan masalah tertentu kepada orang tuanya, terutama jika mereka merasa hal tersebut dapat mengecewakan atau membuat mereka kesal.
Penting bagi orang tua untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang aman dan nyaman bagi anak untuk berbagi permasalahannya. Orang tua harus berusaha untuk bersikap mudah didekati, tidak menghakimi, dan berempati terhadap anak-anak mereka. Orang tua juga dapat mendorong anak untuk menceritakan masalahnya dengan mengajukan pertanyaan terbuka dan secara aktif mendengarkan tanggapan anak. Penting bagi orang tua untuk memahami bahwa anak-anak mereka mungkin memiliki perspektif dan pengalaman yang berbeda, dan penting untuk memvalidasi perasaan dan emosi mereka.<div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5ytjukjGSv4zaK30su-IUcm2nR_1CW71P4rd8kLUjY6vrT9iOl1Oe_2wJFxfBsLq6kqZ3piBXDMVwPEzOEs3-C8pSyDmsl816rPabfc47W1oYpI5MDfe6S8o54gr9IdZ916QneMIrVEKstIJ86ya9JmuuiauGyzpsi_opCKMrxFjp0zvBxmfuKZYNEkNe/s4016/jordan-whitt-KQCXf_zvdaU-unsplash.jpg" style="clear: left; display: block; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="4016" data-original-width="2681" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5ytjukjGSv4zaK30su-IUcm2nR_1CW71P4rd8kLUjY6vrT9iOl1Oe_2wJFxfBsLq6kqZ3piBXDMVwPEzOEs3-C8pSyDmsl816rPabfc47W1oYpI5MDfe6S8o54gr9IdZ916QneMIrVEKstIJ86ya9JmuuiauGyzpsi_opCKMrxFjp0zvBxmfuKZYNEkNe/w267-h400/jordan-whitt-KQCXf_zvdaU-unsplash.jpg" width="267" /></a></div><div><br /></div>
Selain itu, orang tua juga dapat mencari bantuan terapis atau konselor jika mereka merasa anak mereka sedang berjuang dengan masalah kesehatan emosional atau mental. Seorang terapis dapat memberikan ruang yang aman dan rahasia bagi anak-anak untuk berbagi masalah mereka dan membantu mereka mengembangkan strategi mengatasi masalah mereka. </div><div><br /></div><div>Untuk menghindari kemungkinan anak tidak berani terbuka kepada orangtuanya, sangatlah penting bagi orang tua untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang aman dan mendukung bagi anak-anak mereka untuk berbagi masalah mereka. Orang tua harus berusaha untuk bersikap mudah didekati, berempati, dan tidak menghakimi anak-anak mereka. Jika anak-anak mereka berjuang dengan masalah kesehatan emosional atau mental, orang tua dapat mencari bantuan terapis untuk memberikan dukungan dan bimbingan yang diperlukan.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-68983878960068159422023-10-05T14:14:00.002+07:002023-10-21T12:29:30.065+07:00Cleft Sentence 2<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvkpCZy3Hrblt7Y8EBTrqz4NY_0ARZs3hbdkhrIz5FOR_o71dtcSaCpGcmU66kUfpA-88zv8vBeB1m5PtvDo2xMPqmVvyohXv4lctBOlJO3Df9N15NP6zgfcF3H1sYMN8gP81HbLc_CSchYsrMnssHtaS7FFNdw0LqQDfdLAVrP3iKIQ3njTveqximDAuS/s728/cleft%20sentences%202.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="728" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvkpCZy3Hrblt7Y8EBTrqz4NY_0ARZs3hbdkhrIz5FOR_o71dtcSaCpGcmU66kUfpA-88zv8vBeB1m5PtvDo2xMPqmVvyohXv4lctBOlJO3Df9N15NP6zgfcF3H1sYMN8gP81HbLc_CSchYsrMnssHtaS7FFNdw0LqQDfdLAVrP3iKIQ3njTveqximDAuS/w640-h480/cleft%20sentences%202.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWhPyIbtVlifJf1HyGntzGPinaS6tD2T-yT8CAyrZpt-LIUFQ3CkphyCS4pTnl4KAKIrSpkv6xnvdSIzOPH9cnfNpdCAwIAR1CMXtxB6cQjn4FQ7-knlLsWJKXtq6XIUmvWT7cKrM9wbu-xcfV0M3jWSZpnuvK4nPQ1Ls47VxAakhdbBvKxEal3Xahc8aI/s511/cleft%20sentences%203.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="293" data-original-width="511" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWhPyIbtVlifJf1HyGntzGPinaS6tD2T-yT8CAyrZpt-LIUFQ3CkphyCS4pTnl4KAKIrSpkv6xnvdSIzOPH9cnfNpdCAwIAR1CMXtxB6cQjn4FQ7-knlLsWJKXtq6XIUmvWT7cKrM9wbu-xcfV0M3jWSZpnuvK4nPQ1Ls47VxAakhdbBvKxEal3Xahc8aI/w640-h366/cleft%20sentences%203.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /> <p></p>
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<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSexy8ahKCbcplajfOvFqQUuihDD-rDgLQiQUDpjjJ_CghtESA/viewform?embedded=true" width="640" height="1739" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">Loading…</iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-38554172354364443722023-08-29T17:17:00.003+07:002023-08-29T17:17:49.614+07:00Defining Relative Clauses<p> We use defining relative clauses to specify which person, thing or place we are talking about.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJhbIrrFFCrfhZWECnKdwVSPTFLUpo9Q4hfF4wKj2syJckTFOoGlCw_kOs_R1TwAUEl4vkbYoYXtNSKV4c5IQT1A6VQzE-VKdFN9pPmK8mnB-IyT7i0-gUxsPjVAqR3yF7-XXALHhNTsug9FZzy9k_3ral3ApiKgtSLpaYhAROjUMgsX5Tb_1TiLeFavdo/s474/defining%20relative%20clauses.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="474" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJhbIrrFFCrfhZWECnKdwVSPTFLUpo9Q4hfF4wKj2syJckTFOoGlCw_kOs_R1TwAUEl4vkbYoYXtNSKV4c5IQT1A6VQzE-VKdFN9pPmK8mnB-IyT7i0-gUxsPjVAqR3yF7-XXALHhNTsug9FZzy9k_3ral3ApiKgtSLpaYhAROjUMgsX5Tb_1TiLeFavdo/w640-h640/defining%20relative%20clauses.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><h4><strong>Who, which, where</strong></h4><p>We use <strong>who</strong> for people.</p><ul>
<li><em>He met the police officer <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>who</strong></span> saved his life.</em></li>
</ul><p>We use <strong>which</strong> for things and animals.</p><ul>
<li><em>He put on the suit <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>which</strong></span> he wore for special occasions.</em></li>
</ul><p>We use <strong>where</strong> for places.</p><ul>
<li><em>This is the hotel <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>where</strong></span> we spent our honeymoon.</em></li>
</ul><h4><strong>That</strong></h4><p>We can use <strong>that</strong> instead of <strong>who</strong> or <strong>which</strong>. But we often use <strong>who</strong> for people and <strong>which</strong>/<strong>that</strong> for things.</p><ul>
<li><em>He’s the neighbour <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>who</strong></span></em>/<em><span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>that</strong></span> helped us to move out.</em></li>
<li><em>Change the cable <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>which</strong></span></em>/<em><span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>that</strong></span> connects the computer to the printer.</em></li>
</ul><h4>Be careful with these common mistakes!</h4><p>We cannot use *<strong>what</strong> or an expression like *<strong>that he/she etc</strong>. in this type of relative clauses.</p><p>
</p><ul>
<li><em>That’s the student <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>that</strong></span></em>/<em><span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>who</strong></span> I told you about</em>. (NOT <del>the student what I told you about</del>)</li>
<li><em>That’s the man <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>that</strong></span></em>/<em><span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>who</strong></span> tried to steal my wallet.</em> (NOT <del>the man that he tried to steal my wallet</del>.)</li></ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-50877071153846962692023-08-29T17:01:00.002+07:002023-08-29T17:01:10.145+07:00Gerund vs To Infinitive<p><br /></p><h2>Use gerund</h2>
<p>➪ When the verb is the <strong>subject</strong> of a sentence.</p>
<ul>
<li><em><span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>Reading</strong></span> on tablets and phones isn’t very good for your eyes.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>➪ <strong>After</strong> a <strong>preposition</strong>.</p>
<ul>
<li><em>I’m tired <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>of waiting</strong></span>. Let’s go home.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>➪ After <strong>some verbs</strong>.</p>
<ul>
<li><em>I don’t <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>mind waiting</strong></span>.</em></li>
<li><em>She <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>recommended visiting </strong></span>this museum.</em></li>
</ul>
<h4>Common verbs followed by a gerund</h4>
<p>Some common verbs that are followed by gerund are: <strong>avoid, enjoy, finish, hate, keep, like, love, don’t mind, prefer, recommend, spend time, stop, suggest, etc.</strong></p>
<h4>Negative gerund</h4>
<p>The negative form of the gerund is <strong>not +</strong> <strong>-ing</strong>.</p>
<ul>
<li><i>He enjoys <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>not having</strong></span> to wake up early at weekends. </i></li></ul><div><i><br /></i></div><div><h2>Use<strong> to</strong> + infinitive</h2>
<p>➪ After <strong>adjectives</strong>.</p>
<ul>
<li><em>It’s <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>important to arrive</strong></span> early at the station.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>➪ To express a reason or <strong>purpose</strong> (why).</p>
<ul>
<li><em>I went to Madrid <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>to visit</strong> </span>some family.</em></li>
<li><em>I need time <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>to study</strong></span> for the exam.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>➪ After <strong>question words</strong>.</p>
<ul>
<li><em>I don’t know <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>what to eat</strong></span>.</em></li>
<li><em>I want to learn <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>how to play</strong></span> the guitar.</em></li>
</ul>
<p>➪ After <strong>some verbs</strong>.</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Don’t <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>forget to call</strong></span> me.</em></li>
<li><em>She <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>seems to be</strong> </span>distracted.</em></li>
</ul>
<h4>Common verbs followed by <strong>to </strong> + infinitive</h4>
<p>Some common verbs that are followed by <strong>to</strong> <strong>infinitive</strong> are: <strong>ask
(someone), decide, forget, help, hope, learn, need, offer, plan,
promise, remember, seem, try, want, would like, would love, would hate,
would prefer, etc</strong>.</p>
<h4>The negative form of <strong>to</strong> + infinitive</h4>
<p>The negative form of <strong>to</strong> + infinitive is <strong>not to</strong> + infinitive.</p>
<ul>
<li><em>She decided <span style="color: #ec6825;"><strong>not to enter</strong></span> the competition.</em></li></ul></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-53511125044033371462023-08-26T15:49:00.006+07:002023-08-29T16:47:22.111+07:00Membangun Kecerdasan Emosional Anak<p><span style="background-color: white; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px;">Membangun kecerdasan emosional anak sama pentingnya dengan membangun kecerdasan intelektual. Kecerdasan emosional berkaitan dengan kemampuan seseorang untuk melihat, memahami, mengatur, dan mengungkapkan peristiwa emosional sesuai dengan keadaan.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Orang tua sebaiknya memahami sisi psikologi usia dini, termasuk dalam hal kecerdasan emosional anak. Kemampuan ini memang dapat tumbuh secara alami, tetapi tentunya tetap dibutuhkan dukungan dari lingkungan sekitar agar anak dapat mengembangkan kecerdasan emosionalnya.</p><p style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Peran orang tua sangat penting untuk menunjang perkembangan kecerdasan emosional buah hati. Ini dia beberapa hal yang bisa Bunda lakukan untuk membangun kecerdasan emosional buah hati sejak usia dini.</p><ol style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px 15px; padding: 0px;"><li style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MyriadPro, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><p style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MyriadPro; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Bantu Anak Mengenali Emosinya Sendiri</strong></p></li></ol><p style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Cara pertama untuk membangun kecerdasan emosional anak sejak dini adalah membantu anak mengenali emosinya sendiri. Pertama-tama, orang tua harus membantu buat hati mengenali atau mengindentifikasi emosinya sendiri, seperti senang, marah, sedih, maupun kecewa.</p><p style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Tidak hanya menjelaskan tentang apa yang dirasakan buah hati; Bunda juga sebaiknya menjelaskan apa akibatnya bagi orang lain bila buah hati senang, marah, dan sebagainya. Setelah buah hati memahami emosinya sendiri, biarkan dia menyampaikannya dengan cara yang unik, seperti melalui tulisan atau gambar.</p><p style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Sejumlah eksperimen bisa dilakukan, salah satunya dengan menunjukkan gambar yang mewakili beberapa ekspresi emosi dan membiarkan buah hati memilih gambar yang mewakili emosinya. Selanjutnya biarkan buah hati bercerita tentang emosi yang dirasakannya. Apa pun yang dirasakan buah hati, pastikan Bunda menghadapinya dengan positif. Misalnya bila buah hati marah, Bunda bisa mengajaknya bercanda untuk meredakan emosinya.</p><ol start="2" style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px 15px; padding: 0px;"><li style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MyriadPro, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><p style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MyriadPro; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Bicarakan Emosi Bunda kepada Buah Hati</strong></p></li></ol><p style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Memberitahu buah hati tentang berbagai emosi yang Bunda rasakan juga penting untuk melatih kecerdasan emosionalnya. Beritahu buah hati apa yang membuat Bunda senang. Jika ingin menunjukkan emosi negatif seperti sedih atau kecewa, Bunda juga sebaiknya mengajarkan buah hati cara mengendalikan emosi tersebut dan agar keluar dari dalamnya.</p><p style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Jika terdapat sikap buah hati yang mungkin membuat Bunda marah, misalnya buah hati sering mencoret-coret tembok, sampaikanlah keberatan dengan emosi positif, misalnya dengan cara menasehatinya dengan suara lembut. Cara ini akan membuatnya lebih mengerti bahwa ada beberapa hal yang dapat membuat Bunda marah dan sebaiknya tidak dilakukan.</p><ol start="3" style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px 15px; padding: 0px;"><li style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MyriadPro, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><p style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MyriadPro; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Mengenali Suasana atau Perasaan Ketika di Rumah</strong></p></li></ol><p style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Memperkenalkan suasana di dalam rumah yang berubah-ubah juga jadi hal penting yang membantu kecerdasan emosional buah hati. Biarkan buah hati mengenali perubahan suasana di rumah dan melihat bagaimana emosi mereka dipengaruhi suasana di rumah. Kalau buah hati menunjukkan kebosanan, misalnya malas bermain di dalam rumah dan ingin keluar, ajaklah buah hati melakukan aktivitas di luar demi mendapatkan suasana yang berbeda.</p><ol start="4" style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px 15px; padding: 0px;"><li style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MyriadPro, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><p style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: MyriadPro; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Mengenali Suasana Hati di Berbagai Tempat</strong></p></li></ol><p style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Sekarang saatnya untuk membantunya untuk mengenali perbedaan emosi dalam setiap suasana dan tempat yang berbeda. Caranya bisa dengan bertanya pada buah hati tentang apa yang dirasakannya pada suasana tertentu.</p><p style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Misalnya dengan menanyakan dengan lembut perasaan ketika berjalan di trotoar di taman yang sepi. Jawaban yang diberikan buah hati akan memudahkan Bunda membantunya mengenali situasi yang lebih membuatnya nyaman.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ2Pgb1ukI7I3udJbJihMBqrgNYN7Soo6OaddCe_lT2XGN4DeDfS-bJ1nmryYlm04BVLLLopAfJayMM4-Q8_f8qeUnZBzvCm5HKShLEXdJEDTYmJ9kS0qnVKyhD-QbTnBQuEFHpzGVb_JTGJivbt-TXI6-ps4k8zD-txBu0n-yXNm0FwD1Q0coIErRSSzr/s4152/sebastian-leon-prado-dBiIcdxMWfE-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4152" data-original-width="3322" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ2Pgb1ukI7I3udJbJihMBqrgNYN7Soo6OaddCe_lT2XGN4DeDfS-bJ1nmryYlm04BVLLLopAfJayMM4-Q8_f8qeUnZBzvCm5HKShLEXdJEDTYmJ9kS0qnVKyhD-QbTnBQuEFHpzGVb_JTGJivbt-TXI6-ps4k8zD-txBu0n-yXNm0FwD1Q0coIErRSSzr/w512-h640/sebastian-leon-prado-dBiIcdxMWfE-unsplash.jpg" width="512" /></a></div><br /><p style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #787878; font-family: MyriadPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">Sebagian anak mungkin dapat mengembangkan kecerdasan emosional secara lebih baik. Namun, tentunya akan lebih baik lagi jika buah hati mendapat dukungan dari sekitarnya. Latihlah kecerdasan emosional anak sejak dini agar mereka tidak hanya dapat memahami emosi, tapi tentu juga memiliki kemampuan untuk mengelolanya.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-2351823691499447612023-08-26T15:48:00.002+07:002023-08-29T16:49:25.251+07:00Kekuatan Bermain<p> Menurut pakar perkembangan anak permainan adalah bagian penting dari masa kecil. Bermain mendukung perkembangan kognitif, sosial, emosi dan karakter anak-anak. IDemikian juga memperkuat keterampilan bahasa dan fungsi eksekutif mereka. Dan itu memperkuat ikatan emosional mereka kepada orang-orang yang bermain dengan mereka.</p>Dalam krisis kesehatan global ini, inilah yang perlu diketahui orang tua: ketika anak-anak mengalami stres dan kesulitan, bermain menjadi lebih penting daripada sebelumnya.<br /><br />Bermain pura-pura adalah cara utama anak-anak memproses emosi dan peristiwa. Dan para peneliti telah menemukan bahwa kegembiraan yang dialami anak-anak ketika mereka bermain dengan pengasuh mereka membantu mereka mengatur respons stres otak mereka. Meluangkan waktu untuk bermain dapat membantu anak-anak kita menavigasi stres, mengalami kegembiraan, dan membangun ketahanan.<br /><br />Waktu bermain dapat termasuk:<br /><br /><br /><b>1. Waktu Bermain Tidak Terstruktur</b><br />Terkadang hal terbaik yang dapat dilakukan orang tua adalah menyingkir dan membiarkan anak-anak berlari dengan imajinasi. Beberapa pakaian, beberapa boneka binatang, beberapa tongkat acak di halaman belakang atau kotak kosong yang besar bisa berubah menjadi apa saja. Beberapa anak suka membuat alur cerita dari buku, film, atau acara TV. Ketika mereka memiliki ruang dan waktu henti memilih alur cerita mereka sendiri, anak-anak dapat memanfaatkan imajinasi dan dunia internal mereka, bekerja melalui ide-ide dan situasi yang mereka temukan membingungkan, menarik, lucu atau menarik.<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2NXn-dvY0txGehakn1HYKHUaN7Y4DcaGlsNpOuXFk8_ef6_qRhHBKNe4rfj9WKdDcWvebiSu-XQB8ulK5QW2t0_z8PsPl7hsZ2UGDY1yaDMS8Bb5KRMP58FmVujeiwr6xrveM9ttXBPyyFlpFPTXjA1lpi_Fi3LPuRZkbWumDXc02NU88X4nharUnnn9y/s4922/fernanda-greppe-7UOI1OZASZs-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3286" data-original-width="4922" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2NXn-dvY0txGehakn1HYKHUaN7Y4DcaGlsNpOuXFk8_ef6_qRhHBKNe4rfj9WKdDcWvebiSu-XQB8ulK5QW2t0_z8PsPl7hsZ2UGDY1yaDMS8Bb5KRMP58FmVujeiwr6xrveM9ttXBPyyFlpFPTXjA1lpi_Fi3LPuRZkbWumDXc02NU88X4nharUnnn9y/w640-h428/fernanda-greppe-7UOI1OZASZs-unsplash.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /><br /><b>2. Bermain dengan Pengasuh</b><br />Ketika anak-anak bermain dengan orang tua mereka, itu memperkuat ikatan keluarga dan mengurangi ketegangan dan kecemasan. Menurut para peneliti, permainan seperti ini dapat membantu "membangun hubungan yang aman, stabil, dan membina yang melindungi dari stres beracun." Seperti yang dikatakan psikolog anak Katie Hurley, “Bermain adalah bagaimana anak-anak terhubung pada segala usia. Itulah alasan remaja mengatakan, 'Ayah, maukah kamu menembak denganku?' Dan itu juga melepaskan stres bagi orang dewasa. ” Ikuti petunjuk seorang anak dalam permainan - dan mungkin kenalkan mereka beberapa permainan favorit Anda sendiri.<br /><br />Dan jika saya pernah khawatir bahwa waktu bermain mengambil dari “waktu belajar,” saya ingat kata-kata dari Fred Rogers: “Bermain sering dianggap menghindar dari pembelajaran yang serius. Tetapi bagi anak-anak, bermain adalah pembelajaran serius. ”</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-3820742096094540072023-08-26T15:46:00.003+07:002023-10-21T12:29:44.745+07:00Lima Bentuk Pertanyaan Yang Menarik<p> Belum lama berselang, saya berjalan menyusuri jalan bersama putri saya. Di setiap pohon yang lewat, dia bertekad untuk memetik buah beri dari apa yang disebut "pohon berry." Dia menarik buah dari pohon, memandanginya, menggulungnya di tangannya, dan dengan hati-hati mengumpulkannya di sakunya. Saya berpikir, “Ugh, lagi? Apakah kita benar-benar perlu menyimpan buah beri ini? ” dan "Berapa lama untuk koleksi buah beri-nya membusuk di sakunya?"</p><div><div><div>Tetapi, setelah kepanikan sesaat itu, saya berpikir, “Saya ingin tahu apa yang dipikirkan putri saya ketika dia mengeksplorasi buah beri ini? Apa yang dia dapatkan dari ini? " Saya ingin mencari tahu lebih banyak, jadi saya mulai bertanya kepada putri saya dengan pertanyaan: Apa yang kamu perhatikan tentang buah beri? Bagaimana perasaan mereka? Dia mengatakan kepada saya bahwa dia memperhatikan beberapa buah beri berwarna sama dan merasa ada yang lebih lembek daripada yang lain. Jawabannya membantu saya menemukan lebih banyak tentang pemikiran dan pembelajarannya.</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>Kami selalu bertanya kepada anak-anak kami. "Di mana sepatumu? "Bisakah kamu mencuci tangan?" dan seterusnya. Anak-anak terbiasa menjawab jenis pertanyaan ini dan dapat menjawabnya dengan mudah. Namun, ada beberapa pertanyaan yang membutuhkan daya berpikir lebih dari yang lain. Kami menyebutnya pertanyaan menarik dan membantu anak-anak Anda membicarakan gagasan mereka.</div><div><br /></div><div>Mengajukan pertanyaan yang menarik memiliki beberapa tujuan. Pertama, ketika kita bertanya kepada anak-anak kita pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini ketika mereka menjelajahi dunia, kita belajar tentang apa yang mereka pikirkan dan apa yang mereka pahami. Kita dapat mendengar apa yang mereka pikirkan dan bagaimana mereka memahami sesuatu. Setelah kita mendengarkan ide-ide mereka, kita dapat memulai percakapan untuk membantu mereka belajar lebih banyak. Di Hero Elementary, Mr. Sparks bertanya pada AJ Gadgets, "Mengapa Anda pikir beberapa hewan memiliki kaki berselaput?" AJ menjelaskan pemikirannya tentang manfaat sirip berenang dan kaki berselaput.</div><div><br /></div><div>Tujuan kedua dari mengajukan pertanyaan adalah agar anak-anak kita belajar dari ditanyai. Ketika anak-anak mendengar pertanyaan, mereka harus memikirkan bagaimana menjawab. Mereka mengubah ide-ide mereka yang berkembang menjadi kata-kata. Mereka mendengar bagaimana jawaban itu terdengar bagi orang lain dan mulai membangun pemikiran mereka sendiri. Mereka bahkan dapat mengubah ide-ide mereka sedikit tergantung pada bagaimana ide-ide mereka terdengar ketika diungkapkan dengan keras. Berbicara tentang berbagai hal membantu kita memahami ide-ide kita, jadi ketika anak-anak merespons pertanyaan kita, mereka sebenarnya lebih memahami pemikiran mereka sendiri. Kemudian, mereka mengambil pemahaman baru itu untuk pengalaman mereka berikutnya. </div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>Berikut adalah lima pertanyaan menarik yang akan membantu anak Anda berpikir dan berbicara tentang pengalaman mereka saat mereka menjelajah.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCChCMi1TbF_Y8WpMt_KyzbinlyJlaT92YHxW4AZbltX0QW8-O0hTe7yDH7Rro_6xnNEOuEyEGATemBCjiMvBNA6ZSuRkslsL4R1dcOdGbl0hQdZp3Aj-LeFsFc_ktc2nbU_oWoZG15q7BS5Na2M1U-OPw_6RqRPfIC8e8XyFmEY6LeVnGc5AQYteTapjd/s10800/national-cancer-institute-N_aihp118p8-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="7200" data-original-width="10800" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCChCMi1TbF_Y8WpMt_KyzbinlyJlaT92YHxW4AZbltX0QW8-O0hTe7yDH7Rro_6xnNEOuEyEGATemBCjiMvBNA6ZSuRkslsL4R1dcOdGbl0hQdZp3Aj-LeFsFc_ktc2nbU_oWoZG15q7BS5Na2M1U-OPw_6RqRPfIC8e8XyFmEY6LeVnGc5AQYteTapjd/w640-h426/national-cancer-institute-N_aihp118p8-unsplash.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>1. Apa yang kamu perhatikan tentang ...?</b></div><div>Anda dapat mengetahui bagaimana anak Anda mengamati dan mengalami objek menggunakan panca indera mereka. Jadi dari contoh dengan putri saya, saya bertanya kepadanya, "Apa yang kamu perhatikan tentang buah beri itu?"</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>2. Apa yang kamu perhatikan saat ...?</b></div><div>Anda dapat mengetahui bagaimana anak Anda menginterpretasikan tindakan sebab akibat. "Apa yang kamu perhatikan saat menarik buah beri dari pohon?"</div><div><br /></div><div><b>3. Bagaimana menurut kamu…?</b></div><div>Anda dapat mendengar bagaimana anak Anda menghubungkan pengalaman saat ini dengan pengalaman lain. Atau cari tahu bagaimana prediksi anak Anda berdasarkan apa yang sudah mereka ketahui. “Menurutmu apa yang akan terjadi ketika buah jatuh? Apa yang kamu pikirkan terjadi pada buah yang ada di tanah? "</div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>4. Bagaimana ini mengingatkan kamu tentang ...?</b></div><div>Anda dapat membantu anak Anda terhubung ke memori atau sesuatu yang mereka pelajari sebelumnya. Ketika anak Anda menghubungkan pengalaman baru dengan pengalaman yang lebih lama, mereka cenderung mengingat hal-hal yang lebih baik. "Bagaimana ini mengingatkanmu pada pohon yang kita lihat di buku "Hero Elementary?"</div><div><br /></div><div><b>5. Mengapa?</b></div><div>Pertanyaan ini membantu anak Anda memikirkan alasan di balik apa yang mereka pikirkan.</div><div><br /></div><div>Cobalah beberapa pertanyaan menarik saat Anda melihat anak Anda menjelajahi dunia mereka di lain waktu. Ketika anak Anda menjawab pertanyaan Anda, beri mereka waktu untuk menyelesaikan seluruh ide mereka. Ketika Anda merespons, cobalah untuk mengulangi bagian dari apa yang Anda dengar. Ini akan membuat anak Anda tahu Anda mencoba memahami ide mereka. Plus, itu memungkinkan mereka mencoba untuk mengatakan ide-ide mereka dengan cara yang berbeda sampai Anda benar-benar mendapatkan apa yang mereka maksudkan.</div></div></div><div><br /></div><div>Anda bahkan mungkin ingin menunjukkan kepada anak Anda bagaimana Anda mengajukan pertanyaan kepada diri sendiri dalam keseharian Anda. Ini membantu anak-anak kita bertanya pada diri sendiri ketika mereka menjelajah tanpa kita nanti. Terkadang, saya akan mengatakan hal-hal dengan keras seperti, "Hmm, apa yang mengingatkan saya tentang ini?" dan yang mengejutkan saya, anak-anak akan bertanya lebih banyak tentang hal itu.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-86375610998511740142023-08-26T15:44:00.002+07:002023-08-26T15:44:18.900+07:00Kendalikan Emosi Anak<p> Anak saya yang berusia 4 tahun sangat senang dengan pesta ulang tahun sepupunya selama berminggu-minggu. Kami membayangkan rasa kue ulang tahun sepupunya dan bersama-sama membungkus hadiah. Namun, ketika kami berjalan ke pesta, segalanya berubah, gadis bersemangat saya sekarang mencengkeram celana saya, tidak mau memperkenalkan dirinya kepada anak-anak lain yang hadir di sana. Dia bahkan menolak kue yang saya berikan untuk mengalihkan rasa khawatirnya.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Untuk mengembalikan rasa nyamannya lagi, di ruang sepi di rumah sepupunya, kami menghabiskan beberapa menit selanjutnya untuk membaca buku yang untungnya saya simpan di tas saya. Melalui mata anak yang cemas, pertemuan itu adalah tempat baru, dengan musik yang keras dan wajah yang tidak dikenal. Saat menenangkan membaca bersama sudah cukup bagi putriku (dan aku!) Untuk mengembalikan emosi kita dan kembali ke pesta.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Bagi keluarga saya, buku telah menjadi alat untuk mendukung putri kami ketika ia mengidentifikasi emosi besar dan memilah-milah melalui situasi yang penuh tekanan, dan penelitian tampaknya mendukung hal ini. Membaca dengan anak Anda mempromosikan ikatan orangtua-anak yang kuat yang dapat membantu mengurangi stres pada masa kanak-kanak, menurut penelitian dari American Academy for Pediatrics (AAP). Lebih lanjut, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh neuropsikolog Dr. David Lewis di University of Sussex menunjukkan bahwa membaca selama enam menit sehari mengurangi tingkat stres dan menurunkan detak jantung.<br /><br />Pertimbangkan cara-cara ini untuk menggunakan buku untuk membantu anak-anak bersantai saat di rumah atau saat bepergian:<br /><b><br /></b><b>1. Buat "perpustakaan yang menenangkan"</b><br />Pilih beberapa buku cerita favorit anak Anda dan letakkan di "perpustakaan penenang" khusus di rumah Anda. Bisa juga menambah karpet yang nyaman, boneka binatang, atau selimut untuk menjadikannya tempat yang nyaman. Ketika Anda merasakan emosi besar terbentuk, duduklah bersama anak Anda di ruang itu dan bacalah buku favorit bersama. Kadang-kadang beberapa menit ini memungkinkan anak Anda untuk mengatur ulang emosi mereka dengan bonus tambahan waktu berkualitas dengan pengasuh tepercaya.<br /><br /><b>2. Gunakan buku untuk memicu percakapan untuk membantu anak-anak memproses perasaan</b><br />Anak-anak kecil masih belajar bagaimana memproses emosi besar. Mereka mungkin belum memiliki semua alat atau kata-kata untuk menjelaskan bagaimana dan mengapa mereka merasakan hal tertentu. Jadikan buku untuk menjembatani celah itu. Jika Anda curiga anak Anda mungkin sedang berjuang, ambil buku anak-anak di perpustakaan setempat di mana karakter utama mengalami emosi yang sama. Anda mungkin menemukan bahwa si kecil dapat berbicara tentang kisah itu, dan, dengan melakukan itu, membuat koneksi dengan emosi mereka sendiri.<br /><br /><b>3. Rencanakan ke depan dan bawa buku</b><br />Kebisingan naik bus, bertemu kerabat baru, atau pergi ke dokter bisa menjadi momen yang memicu stres. Rencanakan ke depan dan bawa buku!<br /><br /><b>4. Baca buku untuk membantu mengidentifikasi dan memberi label emosi</b><br />Buku bergambar adalah cara yang bagus untuk memperkenalkan perasaan kepada balita. Minta pustakawan Anda untuk mengarahkan Anda ke buku-buku yang berisi gambar atau wajah yang dilabeli perasaan.<br /><br /><b>5. Warnai cerita Anda bersama</b></p><p class="MsoNormal">Dorong anak Anda untuk memikirkan sebuah cerita dan menggambar di atas kertas. Ketika anak Anda mulai tenang melalui kegiatan tersebut, Anda bisa menambahkan kosa kata sederhana atau berbicara melalui cerita mereka.<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1dmlsbI96mBxKoeytNbNKTkR4SOwfz2InUT5T3otw7NPjYvSGN8nFh-cbye3hSmkugqtd9j7Bcuq4r8LQurtqn9-BYEmt-4FAjSI6P66qDpQrMHnFMSxgTke0X-h6wEeGFjWDJ7TYeAhLiLcQSlt9LyBNoYK568WEBez9HukvZb2hR10SusVckJOnsFb/s640/membaca%20bersama.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM1dmlsbI96mBxKoeytNbNKTkR4SOwfz2InUT5T3otw7NPjYvSGN8nFh-cbye3hSmkugqtd9j7Bcuq4r8LQurtqn9-BYEmt-4FAjSI6P66qDpQrMHnFMSxgTke0X-h6wEeGFjWDJ7TYeAhLiLcQSlt9LyBNoYK568WEBez9HukvZb2hR10SusVckJOnsFb/s16000/membaca%20bersama.png" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">Berikut ini beberapa pengingat untuk membaca bersama:<br /></p><ul><li>Baca dalam bahasa apa pun. Anak Anda akan mendapat manfaat dari membaca terlepas dari bahasanya jadi baca dalam bahasa apa pun yang Anda nyaman. Anda juga dapat memperkenalkan anak Anda ke buku bilingual, atau memilih buku dengan hanya gambar</li><li>Baca kapan saja. Membaca buku cerita bukan hanya untuk waktu tidur. Baca bersama anak Anda sepanjang hari. Pertimbangkan untuk memiliki kebersamaan di "Waktu Makan, Mendongeng" saat Anda makan bersama.</li><li>Dengarkan bersama. Unduh buku audio anak-anak gratis, atau pinjam buku di kaset dari perpustakaan. Bepergian ke sekolah adalah kesempatan bagus untuk mendengarkan cerita. Bicara dengan ragam kosa kata yang berbeda atau bahaslah cerita bersama.</li><li>Bicaralah. Saat membaca bersama, berhentilah sejenak untuk bertanya atau membuat prediksi tentang bagaimana cerita akan berakhir. Semakin banyak anak dibacakan, semakin banyak kosakata yang akan mereka pelajari dan semakin baik mereka dapat membaca.</li><li>Ingat, menghabiskan waktu tenang bersama menyelam ke halaman buku bisa menjadi apa yang Anda dan si kecil butuhkan untuk tenang.</li></ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-11540212632720472142023-08-26T15:39:00.003+07:002023-08-26T15:40:47.521+07:00Dukungan Orangtua: Saat Anak Membutuhkan Perhatian Ekstra<p> Mengasuh anak adalah perjalanan yang indah dan bermanfaat, tetapi juga bisa datang dengan tantangan tertentu. Salah satu tantangan tersebut muncul ketika seorang anak membutuhkan perhatian ekstra. Apakah mereka mengalami masalah perilaku, berjuang secara akademis, atau melalui fase emosional yang sulit, sebagai orang tua, menjadi tanggung jawab kita untuk memberikan dukungan dan perhatian yang mereka butuhkan. Mari kita mengeksplorasi strategi dan tip untuk membantu orang tua menavigasi situasi ini secara efektif.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>1. Kenali tanda-tandanya</b></p><p class="MsoNormal">Langkah pertama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan anak Anda adalah mengidentifikasi tanda-tanda yang menunjukkan bahwa mereka membutuhkan perhatian ekstra. Tanda-tanda ini dapat bervariasi tergantung pada usia dan individualitas anak Anda. Waspadai perubahan suasana hati yang tiba-tiba, kesulitan dalam interaksi sosial, penurunan prestasi akademik, atau peningkatan perilaku menentang. Pengenalan dini memungkinkan Anda mengambil langkah proaktif untuk mengatasi masalah ini dengan segera.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>2. Berkomunikas secara terbuka</b></p><p class="MsoNormal">Mempertahankan komunikasi yang terbuka dan jujur dengan anak Anda sangat penting pada saat mereka membutuhkan perhatian ekstra. Ciptakan ruang aman di mana mereka merasa nyaman mengekspresikan perasaan dan pikiran mereka tanpa takut dihakimi atau dikritik. Dorong anak Anda untuk berbicara tentang kekhawatiran mereka, dan dengarkan dengan penuh perhatian, memvalidasi emosi dan pengalaman mereka.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>3. Waktu berkualitas</b></p><p class="MsoNormal">Alokasikan waktu berkualitas dengan anak Anda untuk memastikan mereka merasa didengarkan dan dihargai. Sisihkan saat-saat tertentu dalam rutinitas harian Anda untuk melakukan aktivitas yang disukai anak Anda; bisa berupa <a href="https://id.mangosteems.com/language-learning-programs/mangosteems-universe/" target="_blank">membaca bersama</a>, berolahraga, atau sekadar melakukan percakapan dari hati ke hati. Menjadikan waktu ini sebagai prioritas membantu membangun ikatan orangtua-anak yang lebih kuat dan membuat anak Anda percaya bahwa Anda ada untuk mereka.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNGF6zOwUEzobJEa3bPEGJDfhoJNm1SeU1OHyOML1hdsme4hToSvxTuhFvdfvyqJDFiwPnQmqJO0uAQiSIh8ablBSM3QLqJ2mQGMOy6EwBZzXwBl9LUBycpBgnZaMB0sQ4-C1O6kmSsdZs-HuRcORkP9bX_vao62UeaRg7vuAGSzpdGtGsb9ep70tbKVDf/s640/perhatian.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNGF6zOwUEzobJEa3bPEGJDfhoJNm1SeU1OHyOML1hdsme4hToSvxTuhFvdfvyqJDFiwPnQmqJO0uAQiSIh8ablBSM3QLqJ2mQGMOy6EwBZzXwBl9LUBycpBgnZaMB0sQ4-C1O6kmSsdZs-HuRcORkP9bX_vao62UeaRg7vuAGSzpdGtGsb9ep70tbKVDf/s16000/perhatian.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b>4. Mencari bantuan profesional</b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Jika kebutuhan anak Anda melebihi kemampuan Anda untuk mengatasinya sendiri, jangan ragu untuk mencari bantuan profesional. <a href="https://id.mangosteems.com/other-products/neolth/" target="_blank">Konsultasikan dengan guru, konselor sekolah, atau psikolog</a> jika Anda mencurigai ketidakmampuan belajar, masalah perilaku, atau masalah kesehatan mental yang mendasarinya. Profesional dapat memberikan panduan ahli, strategi, dan terapi yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan anak Anda, memastikan mereka menerima dukungan terbaik.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b>5. Ciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung</b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung di rumah sangat penting untuk kesejahteraan dan pertumbuhan anak Anda. Dorong kakak atau adiknya untuk berpartisipasi dalam aktivitas saudara mereka, berikan pujian dan penguatan positif untuk pencapaian kecil, dan sesuaikan gaya pengasuhan Anda untuk memenuhi kebutuhan unik mereka. Mencontohkan keterampilan komunikasi dan pemecahan masalah yang sehat menjadi contoh positif untuk diikuti anak Anda.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b>6. Kesabaran dan pengertian</b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Pada saat anak Anda membutuhkan perhatian ekstra, sangat penting untuk melatih kesabaran dan pengertian. Ingatlah bahwa setiap anak berbeda, dan perjalanan mereka mungkin tidak mengikuti jalur yang lurus. Rayakan kemenangan kecil, dan rangkul kemunduran sebagai peluang untuk berkembang. Tunjukkan ketahanan dan sikap positif sambil memberikan dukungan yang konsisten, biarkan anak Anda membangun ketahanannya sendiri.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">Ketika anak Anda membutuhkan perhatian ekstra, bisa terasa merepotkan, tetapi, sebagai orang tua, Anda memiliki alat dan cinta untuk mengatasi tantangan ini dengan sukses. Dengan mengenali tanda-tandanya, berkomunikasi secara terbuka, menawarkan waktu berkualitas, mencari bantuan profesional saat dibutuhkan, membina lingkungan yang mendukung, dan melatih kesabaran, Anda dapat memberikan perhatian dan dukungan ekstra yang dibutuhkan anak Anda. Kehadiran Anda yang tak tergoyahkan adalah hadiah terbaik yang dapat Anda berikan kepada anak Anda pada saat dibutuhkan.</p></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-91348087882881605122023-08-26T15:34:00.006+07:002023-08-26T15:41:30.177+07:00Kenali Tanda-Tanda Anak Membutuhkan Perhatian Orangtua<p> Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, anak-anak membutuhkan perhatian dari orangtua mereka untuk dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik. Sayangnya, tak jarang orangtua terlalu sibuk dengan pekerjaan atau aktivitas lain sehingga tidak melihat tanda-tanda jika anak mereka membutuhkan perhatian lebih dari mereka. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengenali tanda-tanda jika anak membutuhkan perhatian dari orangtua.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Perilaku tidak wajar atau menyimpang</b></p><p class="MsoNormal">Salah satu tanda jika anak membutuhkan perhatian adalah dengan perilaku tidak wajar atau menyimpang dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari. Anak mungkin lebih sering merajuk, menangis, atau bahkan menunjukkan agresivitas yang tidak biasanya. Orangtua harus mencoba menggali penyebab utama dari perilaku tersebut dan memberikan perhatian lebih untuk memperbaiki masalah tersebut.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Kehilangan minat pada aktivitas yang biasa dilakukan</b></p><p class="MsoNormal">Jika anak terlihat tidak tertarik pada aktivitas yang biasa dilakukannya, seperti bermain, belajar atau berbicara dengan teman-teman, maka hal itu dapat menjadi tanda jika anak membutuhkan perhatian lebih. Orangtua harus mencoba untuk mengetahui apa yang sedang terjadi pada anak dan memberikan perhatian yang lebih pada anak.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Perubahan yang signifikan dalam pola tidur anak</b></p><p class="MsoNormal">Jika anak sering terbangun di malam hari atau kesulitan tidur, hal ini dapat menjadi tanda jika anak membutuhkan perhatian dari orangtua mereka. Orangtua harus mencoba untuk mencari tahu apa yang menyebabkan perubahan tersebut dan memberikan perhatian yang lebih kepada anak.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Penurunan kinerja akademik</b></p><p class="MsoNormal">Jika anak sering mengalami penurunan kinerja akademik, maka hal itu dapat menjadi tanda jika anak membutuhkan lebih banyak perhatian dari orangtua. Orangtua harus mencari tahu apa yang menyebabkan perubahan tersebut dan memberikan dukungan yang lebih pada anak.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU3ob3-zcpMUTZdyc8FWTfRdVXbvXApXuzpLuuiHkVgBK8YK8AYPSA4yzozGRujcI-rv5LCJsYWf7Yj_mlCKn-aQDCVLPwnY1MIeOk6rkZTzY1Vt7LhzbKZCW_D6uImTbFDKGmwdUgsnsj36i_LfFE6nwzRgHijyPGBO5Un-08_lwJTGIwmyKqZILJ7w-m/s277/perhatian1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="174" data-original-width="277" height="402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU3ob3-zcpMUTZdyc8FWTfRdVXbvXApXuzpLuuiHkVgBK8YK8AYPSA4yzozGRujcI-rv5LCJsYWf7Yj_mlCKn-aQDCVLPwnY1MIeOk6rkZTzY1Vt7LhzbKZCW_D6uImTbFDKGmwdUgsnsj36i_LfFE6nwzRgHijyPGBO5Un-08_lwJTGIwmyKqZILJ7w-m/w640-h402/perhatian1.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Tidak menghadiri aktivitas sekolah atau sosial</b></p><p class="MsoNormal">Jika anak cenderung tidak ingin menghadiri aktivitas sekolah atau sosial, hal itu dapat menjadi tanda jika anak membutuhkan lebih banyak perhatian dari orangtua mereka. Orangtua harus mencoba untuk menemukan penyebab dan memberikan perhatian lebih untuk membantu anak menyelesaikan masalah tersebut.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Sangatlah penting bagi orangtua untuk mengenali tanda-tanda jika anak membutuhkan perhatian lebih dari mereka. Perhatian dan dukungan yang diberikan oleh orangtua dapat membantu anak mengatasi masalah dan tumbuh dengan baik. Sebagai orangtua, perlu diingat bahwa anak adalah tanggung jawab dan merupakan prioritas utama dalam kehidupan keluarga.</p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-30822153376572147932023-08-26T15:32:00.003+07:002023-08-26T15:34:49.426+07:00Membentuk Kebiasaan Membaca Kepada Anak<p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #212529; font-family: arial;">Tidak dipungkiri bahwa banyak anak-anak yang tidak menyukai kegiatan membaca, terlebih dengan tersedianya banyak media digital yang menyediakan konten digital yang lebih menarik seperti tiktok, youtube, dan lain-lain. Tidak bisa dipungkiri juga betapa pentingnya kegiatan membaca karena dengan membaca mereka mendapatkan banyak informasi disamping merangsang mereka untuk berpikir dengan lebih kreatif dan analistis.</span></p><p><span style="color: #212529; font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">Untuk menanamkan kebiasaan membaca kepada anak, tentunya perlu usaha dari para orangtua. Berikut ini beberapa kegiatan sederhana yang bisa dilakukan oleh orangtua untuk membentuk kebiasaan membaca kepada anak-anak mereka:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><ul><li><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: arial;">Bacakan cerita kepada anak: Anak-anak suka dibacakan dan mendengar cerita dari orangtua. Habiskan setidaknya 15 menit setiap hari untuk membaca buku yang menarik bagi anak.</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: arial;">Jadikan kegiatan membaca menyenangkan: Ciptakan area khusus di rumah untuk membaca dengan bantal atau kursi yang nyaman, sertakan pembatas buku dan stiker warna-warni. Orangtua juga dapat membuat tantangan membaca seperti “baca sepuluh buku bulan ini” dan mereka akan mendapatkan hadiah setelah tantangan selesai.</span></span> </li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxGRRudUrruILDwkZE7hCHw-cTU1xM-LCEyYvkwvWK1T_5OywCvMIE2_sb9IQLUZ79sGCAbsJUQt9Gk1QsK6S3K9ZRIx01iuqD_H8xiNxO27Dv9fL6VuiVNliOCUar3PvYQSS0rwOtgn_5kbC5p-WPkoSp3KAZ-zDaBtHHHJxC1SfGCTKSf29O0zFVm83d/s400/membaca.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="400" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxGRRudUrruILDwkZE7hCHw-cTU1xM-LCEyYvkwvWK1T_5OywCvMIE2_sb9IQLUZ79sGCAbsJUQt9Gk1QsK6S3K9ZRIx01iuqD_H8xiNxO27Dv9fL6VuiVNliOCUar3PvYQSS0rwOtgn_5kbC5p-WPkoSp3KAZ-zDaBtHHHJxC1SfGCTKSf29O0zFVm83d/w640-h640/membaca.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><ul><li><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: arial;">Bangun perpustakaan rumah: Anak-anak harus dikelilingi oleh buku di setiap tahap perkembangannya. Lakukan perjalanan rutin ke perpustakaan dan toko buku setempat; biarkan mereka memilih buku mereka sendiri untuk mengembangkan minat mereka.</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: arial;">Menjadi model membaca: Berikan contoh yang baik sebagai panutan mereka dengan membaca sendiri secara teratur.</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="IN">Gunakan teknologi dengan bijak: Variasikan </span><span lang="EN-US">penggunaan</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">buku</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">digital</span><span lang="IN"> atau e-book bersama dengan </span><span lang="EN-US">buku cetak</span><span lang="IN">, yang dapat membuat membaca menjadi lebih menyenangkan.</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: arial;">Dorong juga kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan membaca di luar sekolah: Dorong anak-anak untuk berpartisipasi dalam klub buku, pertunjukan teater berdasarkan buku, menghadiri pameran buku, dll. Ini akan membantu mereka melihat bahwa orang lain juga menikmati membaca.</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span lang="IN"><span style="font-family: arial;">Memasukkan karakter yang sudah dikenal ke dalam bahan bacaan: Pilih buku yang menampilkan karakter populer sehingga cocok untuk anak-anak.</span></span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="IN">Rayakan keberhasilan dan tonggak pencapaian: Puji usaha dan kemajuan yang dibuat oleh anak-anak setiap kali berbicara tentang bacaan mereka. Hal kecil ini dapa memotivasi mereka untuk terus membaca bahkan meskipun mereka memulainya dengan lambat.</span></span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Kegiatan yang sederhana tersebut secara bertahap akan menanamkan sikap anak untuk gemar membaca dan kebiasaan ini akan terus mereka lakukan hingga mereka beranjak dewasa. Dengan kegiatan banyak membaca, setelah dewasa mereka akan terus merasa haus informasi dan banyak menggali informasi dengan banyak membaca. Yuk, beri banyak mereka kesempatan untuk banyak membaca demi sukses masa depan mereka.</span></div><div><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-33815224421470627262023-08-26T15:25:00.002+07:002023-08-26T15:34:40.812+07:00Kegiatan Membaca Bersama Anak<p> <span style="font-family: arial;">Membaca bersama anak merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang sangat bermanfaat bagi pendidikan dan masa depan anak. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529; font-family: arial;">Beberapa penelitian tentang membaca bersama anak menghasilkan kenyataan bahwa kegiatan membaca bersama anak, memberi banyak hal positif, sebut saja misalnya : membantu mereka mendengar bahasa dalam cara baru dan berbeda, memberi mereka rasa cerita, mengarahkan pada kinerja yang lebih baik dalam membaca, menulis, mendengarkan dalam mata pelajaran sekolah serta menciptakan ikatan emosional antara pembaca dan anak.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;">Berikut ini 10 tips untuk memaksimalkan kegiatan membaca bersama anak:</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;">1. Usahakan untuk membaca setiap hari, bahkan jika Anda hanya memiliki beberapa menit. Model membaca setiap hari ini merupakan bagian penting dari rutinitas yang menyenangkan bagi anak karena mereka selalu menantikan waktu khusus bersama orangtuanya.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;">2. Menciptakan tempat yang nyaman untuk membaca bersama-sama. Hal ini dapat dilakukan melalui kursi khusus, atau bahkan tumpukan bantal.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;">3. Biarkan anak Anda untuk memilih buku yang akan dibaca. Hal ini bertujuan untuk membuatnya merasa penting. Ajak Anak untuk mengunjungi perpustakaan secara rutin, sehingga membuat dirinya dapat memilih buku secara mudah dan menyenangkan.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;">4. Bicarakan juga tentang Sampul Buku. Mintalah anak Anda untuk menebak isi buku yang akan dibaca. Siapa karakternya? Apa Judulnya? Siapa penulisnya?</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #212529;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;">5. Seringlah mengubah intonasi suara untuk mengikuti karakter dan adegan dalam buku layaknya Anda tengah mendongeng. Pastikan juga Anda tidak membaca terlalu cepat dan terburu-buru untuk menyelesaikan bacaan.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG7mdzawncC3JAuIex7s9dvexnOlEiFvW67PHEt54N_OZAtyZy_B6T9wmve9yC2AmND_UJIbL-8VlB02OgPaS1orYW-RfHzcKm9GXkrlx0cNKBPGvbfqzUDci8lAIJDRfn6b8U4NBPdyjIdpeWtkdBkYavjVkc7RhI185Ff0OTnS6hyYfMebsySxHpmeDS/s640/membaca%20bersama.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG7mdzawncC3JAuIex7s9dvexnOlEiFvW67PHEt54N_OZAtyZy_B6T9wmve9yC2AmND_UJIbL-8VlB02OgPaS1orYW-RfHzcKm9GXkrlx0cNKBPGvbfqzUDci8lAIJDRfn6b8U4NBPdyjIdpeWtkdBkYavjVkc7RhI185Ff0OTnS6hyYfMebsySxHpmeDS/s16000/membaca%20bersama.png" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529; text-align: left;">6. Tampilkan juga gambar-gambar yang ada di buku selagi Anda membaca. Gambar tersebut akan membantu anak memahami dan terhubung dengan buku, sekaligus menembangkan imajinasinya.</span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #212529;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;"><div style="text-align: justify;">7. Setelah Anda membaca buku, ulangi kembali tentang ceritanya. Tunjukkan beberapa kata-kata sulit untuk melihat apakah anak Anda telah menyerap isi buku.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #212529;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;"><div style="text-align: justify;">8. Saat membaca, cobalah untuk membuat koneksi atau pengumpamaan ke sesuatu hal yang ada dalam kisah dengan kehidupan sehari-hari anak Anda.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #212529;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;"><div style="text-align: justify;">9. Mintalah anak Anda untuk mengajukan pertanyaan dan kritik tentang isi buku. Hal ini dilakukan dengan mengajukan pertanyaan, Apa yang kamu sukai dari buku ini? Apa yang membuat kamu tertawa? Apa yang kamu pelajari?</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #212529;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;"><div style="text-align: justify;">10. Variasikan selalu buku-buku yang Anda baca. Campurkan selalu antara buku fiksi dan nonfiksi, sehingga nantinya Anak anda dapat memilih genre mana yang menjadi favoritnya di masa depan.</div></span></span></span></div><p></p><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #212529; font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">Kegiatan membaca anak memberikan dampak hubungan personal yang semakin dekat dan juga menanamkan kegemaran anak untuk membaca yang nantinya menjadikan kebiasaan yang sangat bermanfaat bagi anak, khususnya dalam menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan mereka.</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;"><br /></span></span></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-49231122601738498032023-08-26T14:26:00.006+07:002023-08-26T14:30:21.238+07:00Mendekatkan Hubungan Orang Tua dan Anak<p> Keluarga merupakan lingkup lingkungan terkecil di sekitar kita dimana seharusnya setiap orang yang berada di dalamnya mendapatkan ketenangan dan kegembiraan. Hubungan kedekatan diantara anggota keluarga sangatlah penting untuk menciptakan rasa aman dan nyaman. Untuk menciptakan keluarga yang menyenangkan memang dibutuhkan usaha dari semua pihak.</p><p>Berikut ini contoh berberapa kegiatan yang bisa dilakukan bersama-sama untuk mendekatkan hubungan antara orangtua dan anak-anaknya.</p><p>1. <b>Makan Bersama</b></p><p>Makan bersama merupakan hal kecil yang kadang terlupakan di dalam keluarga. Dengan kesibukan setiap anggota keluarga, makan bersama kadang tidak pernah tercipta. Sebuah penelitian menemukan bahwa keluarga yang terbiasa makan bersama memiliki ikatan rasa sayang yang lebih kuat dan menciptakan keluarga yang bahagia. Oleh karena itu, sesibuk apapun orangtua sebaiknya menyempatkan waktu untuk setidak-tidaknya ada momen makan bersama setiap minggunya, lebih baik lagi bila bisa tercipta momen makan bersama setiap harinya.</p><p>2. <b>Masak Bersama</b></p><p>Masak memang kegiatan yang cukup merepotkan. Banyak ibu khususnya yang berprofesi sebagai wanita bekerja, tidak lagi melakukan kegiatan memasak setiap harinya. Untuk memasak tidak diperlukan keahlian yang luar biasa. Untuk menghangatkan hubungan keluarga, kegiatan memasak bisa dilakukan di akhir minggu bersama anak-anak. Masakan yang dimasak pun tidak perlu yang terlalu sulit, cukup yang sederhana saja seperti jenis-jenis sup. Yang penting di dalam kegiatan memasak bersama tersebut, tercipta komunikasi dan pembagian tugas, seperti menyiapkan dan memotong bahan-bahan memasak sehingga secara tidak langsung orangtua menanamkan nilai tanggung jawab dan saling membantu kepada anak-anaknya. </p><p>3.<b> Berpelukan</b></p><p>Berpelukan adalah kontak fisik yang mungkin canggung dilakukan keluarga pada umumnya, apalagi itu bukanlah kebiasaan yang sering dilakukan dalam kehidupan adat ketimuran seperti Indonesia. Sungkem saja dilakukan hanya di momen tertentu, apalagi berpelukan yang bisa jadi terasa sangat asing. Tapi berpelukan memiliki banyak manfaat untuk kesehatan, terutama mental. Bukan hanya mampu melepaskan hormon oksitosin, berpelukan juga memberikan rasa nyaman, dukungan, kasih sayang dan penerimaan.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFTNDczsFV2MNtc4MTAg-bmj-vQfC50H3lkO_oHOSxP9riM5VGDU6pdK4cl8qmX-Xg60zE8CAoa48VvVUT9Yds7YVxqR9Si5b8qlRMi9Oqag1DHGjwxE_HecgWTL-epMISd68W3j2ZjQOS-NARqXJIOi8I9z5xYu6H3FACsxib2WKn_MhrmSYcn8Wnv6yc/s640/hugging.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="422" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFTNDczsFV2MNtc4MTAg-bmj-vQfC50H3lkO_oHOSxP9riM5VGDU6pdK4cl8qmX-Xg60zE8CAoa48VvVUT9Yds7YVxqR9Si5b8qlRMi9Oqag1DHGjwxE_HecgWTL-epMISd68W3j2ZjQOS-NARqXJIOi8I9z5xYu6H3FACsxib2WKn_MhrmSYcn8Wnv6yc/s16000/hugging.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p>4. <b>Merayakan hari special</b></p><p>Merayakan hari special bersama-sama tidak perlu dalam bentuk pesta besar, cukup dengan makan bersama keluarga. Ada kegembiraan dan rasa saling memiliki yang dirasakan orangtua dan anak-anaknya di dalam momen perayaan bersama. Ada juga momen indah yang akan melekat untuk dijadikan kenangan yang tentunya akan terus dikenang. Tidak perlu menunggu hari special besar untuk merayakannya bersama-sama; seperti anak naik kelas, bisa dirayakan dengan makan bersama, atau berpergian bersama ke mall atau tempat wisata.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeMviE7daKU_psz5bu2SaD6XiwU8OgBatX5mEPGd4Spw5zpCNJbZ8tcre8zxiKdDfooi_yj5wSj4BW08J1SPeTAE3UTIPi_2uZTThzps0KYw9tkS_RunibtiOGtgsmFnYH3r_MFrE1p5OCSVpvPHt9CncsrDvhJCKU4Q-gw9u9Uid6L0BB6psFgjjrgptA/s640/piknik.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeMviE7daKU_psz5bu2SaD6XiwU8OgBatX5mEPGd4Spw5zpCNJbZ8tcre8zxiKdDfooi_yj5wSj4BW08J1SPeTAE3UTIPi_2uZTThzps0KYw9tkS_RunibtiOGtgsmFnYH3r_MFrE1p5OCSVpvPHt9CncsrDvhJCKU4Q-gw9u9Uid6L0BB6psFgjjrgptA/s16000/piknik.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p>5. <b>Sering bercanda</b></p><p>Orangtua yang konservatif dan menjaga tradisi mungkin akan jarang bercanda dengan anak-anaknya demi "menjaga kewibawaan" sebagai orangtua. Tapi sesungguhnya orangtua yang terbiasa bercanda dengan anak-anaknya merasa lebih bahagia dan jarang stres dalam kehidupannya. Bahkan bisa meningkatkan harapan hidup orangtua atau membuat diri panjang umur.</p><p>6. <b>Kurangi berinteraksi dengan <i>gadget</i></b></p><p>Meskipun di abad ke 21 ini segalanya serba berbau teknologi, namun ada baiknya kegiatan berinteraksi dengan <i>gadget</i> mulai dikurangi mengingat komunikasi langsung antara orangtua dan anak juga sangat penting untuk membangun relasi yang lebih dekat dan hangat. Batasi penggunaan gadget setiap harinya dan atur jadwal dimana orangtua dan anak-anak melakukan kegiatan bersama-sama tanpa melihat <i>gadget</i> nya masing-masing, seperti kegiatan nonton TV bersama, bersepeda bersama, bermain bersama, dan banyak lagi kegiatan menarik yang sesungguhnya bisa dilakukan bersama-sama tanpa harus terus didampingi <i>gadget</i> nya masing-masing.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-72374222978561792252023-08-20T18:12:00.003+07:002023-08-26T15:24:06.972+07:00Inversion<p>W<span style="font-family: Poppins; font-size: 12pt;">e
use inversion in questions. But we also sometimes use inversion in other cases,
when we are not making a question.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Poppins; font-size: 12pt;">Usually, we put the expression at the
beginning of the sentence to emphasize what we're saying. It makes our sentence
sound surprising or striking or unusual. It also sounds quite formal. If you
don't want to give this impression, you can put the negative expression later
in the sentence in the normal way:</span></p><div><span style="font-family: Poppins; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Seldom have I seen such beautiful work.<br />
('Seldom' is at the beginning, so we use inversion. This sentence
emphasizes what beautiful work it is.)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">I have seldom seen such beautiful work.<br />
('Seldom' is in the normal place, so we don't use inversion. This is a
normal sentence with no special emphasis.)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal">In the table below you can see some of the most common
negative or restrictive adverbials that are sometimes used at the beginning of
the sentence for emphasis.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>HARDLY, BARELY, SCARCELY, NO SOONER<o:p></o:p></b></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 91.9pt;" valign="top" width="123">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Hardly, when <o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 358.9pt;" valign="top" width="479">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Hardly had I come
into the classroom when the gossip about me spread.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 91.9pt;" valign="top" width="123">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Barely, when<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 358.9pt;" valign="top" width="479">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Barely had I
got into bed when the telephone rang.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 91.9pt;" valign="top" width="123">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Scarcely,
when<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 358.9pt;" valign="top" width="479">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Scarcely had
I got off the bus when it crashed into the back of a car.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 91.9pt;" valign="top" width="123">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">No sooner,
than<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 358.9pt;" valign="top" width="479">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">No sooner had
we arrived home than the police rang the doorbell.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>ONLY<o:p></o:p></b></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Only now<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 351.8pt;" valign="top" width="469">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Only now can
we talk each other more honestly.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Only + any
element<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 351.8pt;" valign="top" width="469">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Only beef does
this Korean restaurant serve. <o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2e75b6; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #2E75B6; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent5; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;">Only if + clause</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 351.8pt;" valign="top" width="469">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Only if you tell
me the truth can I help you.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2e75b6; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #2E75B6; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent5; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;">Only when + clause</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 351.8pt;" valign="top" width="469">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Only when
we'd all arrived home did I feel calm.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2e75b6; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #2E75B6; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent5; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;">Only after +
clause</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 351.8pt;" valign="top" width="469">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Only after
I'd seen her flat did I understand why she wanted to live there.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Only by +
gerund<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 351.8pt;" valign="top" width="469">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Only by
working extremely hard could we afford to eat.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>NOT<o:p></o:p></b></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Not once<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 351.8pt;" valign="top" width="469">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Not once did
I tell you how dangerous to ride alone at night.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Not + any
element<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 351.8pt;" valign="top" width="469">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Not until I meet
you again, will I give you another chance.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Not only, but
also<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 351.8pt;" valign="top" width="469">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Not only does
he love chocolate and sweets but he also smokes.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #2e75b6; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #2E75B6; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: lumm=75000; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: accent5; mso-themecolor: accent5; mso-themeshade: 191;">Not since + clause</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 351.8pt;" valign="top" width="469">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Not since
Lucy left college had she had such a wonderful time.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>NO<o:p></o:p></b></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.25pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Under no
circumstances<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 330.55pt;" valign="top" width="441">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Under no
circumstances should you do anything without asking me first.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.25pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">In no way<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 330.55pt;" valign="top" width="441">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">In no way do
I agree with what you're saying.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.25pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Nowhere<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 330.55pt;" valign="top" width="441">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Nowhere have
I ever had such bad service.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.25pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">No way
(informal)<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 330.55pt;" valign="top" width="441">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">No way will I
forget what you have done to me.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>NEVER, RARELY, SELDOM, LITTLE<o:p></o:p></b></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.65pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Never<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.15pt;" valign="top" width="507">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Never had she
seen such a beautiful sight before.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.65pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Rarely<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.15pt;" valign="top" width="507">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Rarely will
you hear such beautiful music.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.65pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Seldom<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.15pt;" valign="top" width="507">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Seldom do we
see such an amazing display of dance.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.65pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Little<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 380.15pt;" valign="top" width="507">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">Little did he
know!<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">When the negative adverbials are followed by a clause, the
inversion comes in the second part of the sentence, for example: <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">
</p><p class="MsoNormal">Only if you tell me the truth <u>can I help you</u>.<br />
Only when we'd all arrived home <u>did I feel calm</u>.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p></span></div>
<iframe frameborder="0" height="1449" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf8KqyWuE0HjisWsCsZcwhxK_IxBMXczwue6ZbcrzQgCAE7bg/viewform?embedded=true" width="640">Loading…</iframe>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-17823263021731831172023-07-11T16:56:00.005+07:002023-08-26T15:23:58.330+07:00Past Tenses Practice<p> Let's have more practice in Past Tenses.</p><p><br /></p>
<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeuNzy8k8dR8XzhLRgHDj35r8pjMOIdbIzOLB9EQ2sE6zFc_g/viewform?embedded=true" width="640" height="2854" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">Loading…</iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-90018351726908922142023-07-06T21:46:00.007+07:002023-08-26T15:23:48.524+07:00Past Tenses<p> <b>SIMPLE PAST</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Form</b>: Regular verbs: base form + ending
"ed" for all persons (looked, finished). Irregular verbs: simple past
form for all persons (did, came, took). The verb BE: I/he/she/it was;
we/you/they were.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Meaning</b>: The action happened (started and ended) in
the past; there is no connection with the present.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Adverbs of time</b>: yesterday; last week; last year; in
1984; in 2007; an hour ago; a year ago; a long time ago.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The simple past tense expresses an action that happened
in the past. The time of the action is usually clearly specified as referring
to the past, most often with the help of the adverbs of time indicated above. For
examples:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He came back last week.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">She was very busy yesterday.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He left two hours ago.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It happened many years ago.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">They were in England in 2007.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The concert ended at ten o'clock.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Did he call you last night? – Yes, he did.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Did you go to the park on Sunday? – No, we didn't.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The time of the action expressed by the simple past may
be indicated by a subordinate clause. For example:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It happened when he was six.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When I saw Richard, I asked him about his new company.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When did you see him? – I saw him yesterday.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">What did you do when the fire started? – I ran out of the
house.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The time of the action expressed by the simple past may
be implied in the situation referring to the past. For example:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Shakespeare wrote thirty-seven plays.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">My parents met in college.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Note again that the simple past expresses completed past
actions that started and ended in the past, including a single past action,
repeated past actions, actions that happened one after another in the past, and
actions (or states) that lasted for a period of time in the past.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">She lost her purse yesterday.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He visited her twice last month.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I called them several times yesterday.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">She typed a couple of letters, made a couple of phone calls,
had a cup of coffee, and went to the bank.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He sold cars for five years. (Then he became a writer.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>PAST CONTINUOUS<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Form</b>: WAS/WERE + Present Participle (e.g. driving, singing, etc.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Meaning</b>: 1. The action (past continuous) was going on
in the past when another action (simple past) happened. 2. The action was going
on at a specific point of time in the past.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Adverbs of time</b>: when; while; at five o'clock
yesterday; at that moment; at that time; last year.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The past continuous tense expresses an action that was going
on (was in progress) in the past when another action happened, expressed by the
simple past in a subordinate clause. Also, the simple past may be in the main clause,
and the past continuous in the subordinate clause.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I was reading a letter when Tom came in.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When Tom came in, I was reading a letter.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Tom came in when I was reading a letter.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The telephone rang while she was taking a bath.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When I called, Lena was doing her homework and Nina was
reading a book.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It was raining when I woke up.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The past continuous expresses an action that was going on
(was in progress) at a specific point of time in the past. (The point of time
in the past may be a moment or a period of time.) For example:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We were watching TV at three o'clock yesterday.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">What were you doing at four o'clock? – I was walking my dog.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Where is my jacket? It was lying here five minutes ago.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He was teaching economics at a business school last year.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The point of time at which the action expressed by the past
continuous was going on may be indicated in another sentence. For example:</b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I saw two boys in the hall. They were eating ice cream.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">What did she say? – Sorry, I wasn't listening.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Sometimes the past continuous is used in the main clause
and in the subordinate clause when two actions were in progress simultaneously.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">While Lena was doing her homework, Nina was reading a book.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Her children were watching TV while she was cooking dinner.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Generally, the simple past, not the past continuous, is used
when two actions in a sentence went on for some time in the past and ended in
the past.</b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When she was a child, she lived in Mexico with her parents.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Her children watched TV while she cooked dinner.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The simple past, not the past continuous, is used when
you enumerate past actions that happened one after another in the past, even if
such actions lasted for some time.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Yesterday he cleaned his room, made dinner, watched TV for
two hours, and walked in the park.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>PAST PERFECT</b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Form</b>: HAD + Past Participle (e.g. realized, known, etc.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Meaning</b>: The action (past perfect) happened and was
completed before another past action (simple past) or before a specific point
of time in the past.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Adverbs of time</b>: by the time; before; after; when (in
the meanings "by the time; after"); by two o'clock yesterday; by that
time; already.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">By the time I got there, the concert had already begun.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He cleaned the garage after he had washed his car.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He had washed his car before he cleaned the garage.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He thought that she had already left for London.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The use of the past perfect with "when, after,
before"<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>"When" as such doesn't call for the past
perfect but is often used with it in the meanings "by the time" or
"after" to show the preceding or the following action.</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When they called, she had already left. (Meaning: By the
time they called, she had already left.)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He called the manager when they had left. (Meaning: He
called the manager after they had left.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We had already sent all the letters when the manager
arrived. (Meaning: We sent the letters before the manager arrived.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>If it is not necessary to stress that the preceding
action had already happened (had been completed) before the other action in the
past started, the simple past may be used with "when" in the meaning
"after".<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When he arrived, we went to a restaurant. (Meaning: After he
arrived, we went to a restaurant.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He called the manager when they left. (Meaning: He called
the manager after they left.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The past perfect is not used very often in everyday
speech. It is usually required in sentences with "by the time" and is
also used in sentences with "when" if it is necessary to indicate or
to stress which action happened before and which after the specified action in
the past.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>With "before, after", the past perfect is not
really necessary because it is clear which action was before and which after.
The simple past is often used instead of the past perfect with "before,
after", especially in everyday speech.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">After they left, he went to bed.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">However, if "before" is used in the past context
in the meaning "earlier", the past perfect is required.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He told me that he had never been there before.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Yesterday I watched a good old movie that I hadn't seen
before.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The past perfect is used in sentences of the following
type, often in constructions with inverted word order. (See Inversion in the
section Miscellany.)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">No sooner had he entered the house than the telephone rang.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He had hardly said it when the door opened.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Several past events described in succession are usually
expressed by the simple past. But if an earlier completed action is mentioned
among them, such an action is often expressed by the past perfect. For example:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">She came home at about seven. She was tired but happy. She
had bought nice presents for her children and a good warm coat for herself. She
went to the kitchen, made tea, and cut a large piece of the pie that she had
made for supper.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He walked quickly to the place where he had left his car. He
saw Maria near the entrance to the park. She was walking her dog. He had often
stopped to say hello to her and to pat her dog. But today he was in a hurry.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>If the actions happened one after another in the past and
are enumerated in the same succession, the simple past is used, not the past
perfect. For example:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">She packed her suitcase, put her ticket, passport, and money
into her handbag, and called a taxi.<o:p></o:p></p>
<br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Form</b>: HAD + BEEN + Present Participle (e.g. doing, driving, etc.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Meaning</b>: 1. The action (past perfect continuous)
lasted for some time before another action in the past happened (simple past).
2. The action lasted for some time before a specific point of time in the past.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Adverbs of time</b>: by the time; before; after; when (in
the meaning "by the time"); + for two hours; for a long time.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">By the time he returned, I had been working for seven hours.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He had been sleeping for five hours when she came back.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The past perfect continuous tense is used mostly in
writing, for example, in literary works, in formal correspondence, and in scientific
literature. In a number of cases, the past perfect may be used instead of the
past perfect continuous, with the same adverbs of time.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">By the time he returned, I had worked for seven hours.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He had lived in Chicago for ten years by the time he moved
to Boston.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I had waited for three months before they finally sent me an
answer.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Stative verbs (nonprogressive verbs) are used in the past
perfect instead of the past perfect continuous.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">They had been married for twenty years when they got
divorced.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<br />
<iframe frameborder="0" height="5282" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe00hV5riqn45l7sqr4kJrTG7-IG0rjTgikWXvZCpxOq74A1w/viewform?embedded=true" width="640">Loading…</iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-34896533894724303992023-05-10T14:23:00.001+07:002023-08-26T15:23:42.248+07:00Part of Speech<p><span style="font-family: arial;"> The Part of Speech Is Determined by the Word's Function. There are nine parts of speech :</span></p><ul style="list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 30px 20px; padding: 0px;"><li class="nobullet" style="list-style-type: none; margin: 7px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(1) Adjective</span></span></li><li class="nobullet" style="list-style-type: none; margin: 7px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(2) Adverb</span></span></li><li class="nobullet" style="list-style-type: none; margin: 7px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(3) Conjunction</span></span></li><li class="nobullet" style="list-style-type: none; margin: 7px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(4) Determiner</span></span></li><li class="nobullet" style="list-style-type: none; margin: 7px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(5) Interjection</span></span></li><li class="nobullet" style="list-style-type: none; margin: 7px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(6) Noun</span></span></li><li class="nobullet" style="list-style-type: none; margin: 7px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(7) Preposition</span></span></li><li class="nobullet" style="list-style-type: none; margin: 7px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(8) Pronoun</span></span></li><li class="nobullet" style="list-style-type: none; margin: 7px 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(9) Verb</span></span></li></ul><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3ROsFyYa5Mq3urtTorjLoW6IEzcVHkGDl7oQTdyKy7gbFTvmjZIsZgyJZrgEPF2sU7SGl8YCd1ItcVLPuS-DcCQQ4bb911VQQ-RgoIHT9VBiVxpWtNGJFmwTgo1OrfvHYDPhWXK8yxteTIz4GaUuQctLmt-F9gaufbSbi5SJc89QP7Q-UwSXKOsZqLw/s700/parts_of_speech.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="623" data-original-width="700" height="570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3ROsFyYa5Mq3urtTorjLoW6IEzcVHkGDl7oQTdyKy7gbFTvmjZIsZgyJZrgEPF2sU7SGl8YCd1ItcVLPuS-DcCQQ4bb911VQQ-RgoIHT9VBiVxpWtNGJFmwTgo1OrfvHYDPhWXK8yxteTIz4GaUuQctLmt-F9gaufbSbi5SJc89QP7Q-UwSXKOsZqLw/w640-h570/parts_of_speech.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><h3 style="text-align: left;">(1) Adjective</h3><div><br /></div><div>An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun. Here are some examples of adjectives:</div><div>red, happy, enormous</div><div><br /></div><div>Examples of adjectives in sentences:</div><div>Ask the boy in the red jumper.</div><div>(The adjective "red" modifies the noun "jumper.")</div><div><br /></div><div>I live in a happy place.</div><div>(The adjective "happy" modifies the noun "place.")</div><div><br /></div><div>I caught a fish this morning! I mean an enormous one.</div><div>(The adjective "enormous" modifies the pronoun "one.")</div><div><br /></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">(2) Adverb</h3><div>An adverb modifies a verb. Here are some examples of adverbs:</div><div>happily, loosely, often</div><div><br /></div><div>Examples of adverbs in sentences:</div><div>They skipped happily to the counter.</div><div>(The adverb "happily" modifies the verb "skipped.")</div><div><br /></div><div>Tie the knot loosely so they can escape.</div><div>(The adverb "loosely" modifies the verb "tie.")</div><div><br /></div><div>I often walk to work.</div><div>(The adverb "often" modifies the verb "walk.")</div><div><br /></div><div>Be aware that adverbs can also modify adjectives and other adverbs.</div><div>It is an intriguingly magic setting.</div><div>(The adverb "intriguingly" modifies the adjective "magic.")</div><div><br /></div><div>He plays the piano extremely well.</div><div>(The adverb "extremely" modifies the adverb "well.")</div></div><div><br /></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">(3) Conjunction</h3><div>A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses. Here are some examples of conjunctions:</div><div>and, or, but</div><div><br /></div><div>Examples of conjunctions in sentences:</div><div>it is a large and important city.</div><div>(The conjunction "and" joins the words "large" and "important," which are both adjectives.)</div><div><br /></div><div>Shall we run to the hills or hide in the bushes?</div><div>(The conjunction "or" joins the phrases "run to the hills" and "hide in the bushes.")</div><div><br /></div><div>I know you are lying, but I cannot prove it.</div><div>(The conjunction "but" joins the clauses "I know you are lying" and "I cannot prove it.")</div></div><div><br /></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">(4) Determiner</h3><div>A determiner specifies a noun or a pronoun or states quantity. Here are some examples of determiners:</div><div>my, those, two, many</div><div><br /></div><div>Examples of determiners in sentences:</div><div>My dog is fine with those cats.</div><div>(The determiner "my" modifies the noun "dog" to specify it. The determiner "those" modifies the noun "cats" to specify them.)</div><div><br /></div><div>There are two dogs but many cats.</div><div>(The determiner "two" modifies the noun "dogs" to state the quantity, and the determiner "many" modifies the noun "cats" to state the quantity.)</div></div><div><br /></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">(5) Interjection</h3><div>An interjection expresses emotion. Here are some examples of interjections:</div><div>ouch, oops, eek</div><div><br /></div><div>Examples of interjections in sentences:</div><div>Ouch, that hurt.</div><div>(The interjection "ouch" expresses pain.)</div><div><br /></div><div>Oops, it's broken.</div><div>(The interjection "oops" expresses dismay.)</div><div><br /></div><div>Eek! A mouse just ran past my foot!</div><div>(The interjection "eek" expresses panic.)</div></div><div><br /></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">(6) Noun</h3><div>A noun names a person, place, or thing. Here are some examples of nouns:</div><div>leader, town, apple</div><div><br /></div><div>Examples of nouns in sentences:</div><div>Take me to your leader.</div><div>(The noun "leader" names a person.)</div><div><br /></div><div>I will see you in town later.</div><div>(The noun "town" names a place.)</div><div><br /></div><div>An apple fell on his head.</div><div>(The nouns "apple" and "head" name things.)</div><div><br /></div><div>All nouns are classified as either a common noun (i.e., the words we use like "man," "city," "river") or a proper noun (i.e., the personal names or titles we use like "Peter," "Boston," "The Mississippi").</div><div><br /></div><div>Nouns are further classified depending on what they name (e.g., something abstract like "bravery" or something concrete like "mud"), their structure (e.g., one word like "pool" or two words like "whirlpool"), or a peculiarity about their grammar (e.g., "oxygen" does not have plural form).</div></div><div><br /></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">(7) Preposition</h3><div>A preposition shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence. Here are some examples of prepositions:</div><div>in, near, on, with</div><div><br /></div><div>Examples of prepositions in sentences:</div><div>Sarah is hiding in the box.</div><div>(The preposition "in" shows the relationship between "hiding" and "box.")</div><div><br /></div><div>I live near the train station.</div><div>(The preposition "near" shows the relationship between "live" and "train station.")</div><div><br /></div><div>Put your hands on your head.</div><div>(The preposition "on" shows the relationship between "hands" and "head.")</div><div><br /></div><div>She yelled with enthusiasm.</div><div>(The preposition "with" shows the relationship between "yelled" and "enthusiasm.")</div></div><div><br /></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">(8) Pronoun</h3><div>A pronoun replaces a noun (or a noun phrase). Here are some examples of pronouns:</div><div>she, we, they, that</div><div><br /></div><div>Examples of pronouns in sentences:</div><div>Joanne is smart. She is also funny.</div><div>(The pronoun "she" replaces the noun "Joanne.")</div><div><br /></div><div>Our team has studied the evidence. We know the truth.</div><div>(The pronoun "we" replaces the noun phrase "our team.")</div><div><br /></div><div>Jack and Jill went up the hill, but they never returned.</div><div>(The pronoun "they" replaces "Jack and Jill.")</div><div><br /></div><div>That is clever!</div><div>(The pronoun "that" replaces the noun that names whatever the speaker is pointing at, a machine perhaps.)</div></div><div><br /></div><div><h3 style="text-align: left;">(9) Verb</h3><div>A verb identifies an action or state of being. Here are some examples of verbs:</div><div>work, be, write, exist</div><div><br /></div><div>Examples of verbs in sentences:</div><div>Tony works down the pit now. He was unemployed.</div><div>(The verb "works" expresses an action. The verb "was" expresses a state of being.)</div><div><br /></div><div>I will write a song for you.</div><div>(The verb "write" expresses an action.)</div><div><br /></div><div>I think aliens exist.</div><div>(The verb "think" expresses an action (a mental action in this case). The verb "exist" expresses a state of being.)</div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-83288581711316418672022-08-23T12:34:00.001+07:002023-08-26T15:23:34.100+07:00Phrasal Verbs<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">Here is a</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;"> mini-lesson about phrasal verbs.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">1. <b>Throw on</b> = quickly put on usually clothes</span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 47.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">And then, they
throw their coats on and walk out the door!</span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">2. <b>Play on</b> = exploit someone's feelings or weak
points in an unfair way</span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 47.25pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">Their latest
adverts play on your emotions.</span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">3. <b>Single ou</b>t = choose someone from a group for
special treatment, often <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>criticism </span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial; font-size: 13.5pt;">or praise</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 47.25pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">The teacher would
always single her out for her fantastic projects.</span></i><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">Which phrasal verb do we need?</span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">1. There is nothing which _________ (chooses from a
group for special treatment / him).</span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">2. A: Are you ready? B: I'll just _________
(quickly put on / some clothes).</span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">3. They _________ (exploit in an unfair way / your
feelings) to make money.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><br /></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">4. <b>Gun for</b> = try hard to get
something (often used in continuous tenses)</span><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span> </span><span> </span><i>· All the runners are gunning for
first place in the race.</i></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">5. <b>Hinge-on</b> = depend entirely
on something</span><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;"> <i> </i><i>· A company's success can hinge
on good marketing.</i></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">6. <b>Hunt down</b> = find with a long
search</span><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;"><i><span> </span><span> </span>· Finally, I managed to hunt my
keys down.</i></span><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">Which phrasal verb do we need?</span><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">1. In the end, the police managed
to _________ (find with a long search / the criminal).</span><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;">2. Our arrival time will
__________ (depend completely on / the plane timetable).</span><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: arial;">3. I'm __________ (trying hard to
get / a promotion at work).</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-45692005417311815352021-09-22T16:51:00.004+07:002023-08-26T15:23:25.262+07:00Adjective or Participle<p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Participles can also act as adjectives. In this case, they modify nouns. Sometimes participles are used as adjectives after be or other copular verbs. In this case, they complete the predicate.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;">When participles help to form continuous and perfect tenses, they act as participles.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><br /></p>
<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd3Bto0JOOCZtL22EjTIQw6dybd8Q-3LYdrA32k_pmvDy4cnw/viewform?embedded=true" width="640" height="2568" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">Loading…</iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-73116201363898676482021-09-22T16:24:00.001+07:002023-08-26T15:23:17.185+07:00Adjective Phrase<p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">A word group that has an adjective as its head is called an</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">adjective phrase</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">. Note that the adjective in this phrase may be accompanied by other words such as determiners, modifiers etc.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;">Adjective phrases can go before a noun (attributive position). They can also go after a linking verb like <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">be</span> (predicative position).</p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px 40px; padding: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">He was wearing <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">a dark brown</span> suit. (Here the adjective phrase ‘a dark brown’ modifies the noun suit.)</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">The fish tasted <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">awfully funny.</span> (Here the adjective phrase ‘awfully funny’ says something about the fish. It goes after the copular or linking verb <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">tasted.</span></li></ul><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;">A copular verb does not take an object and it cannot be modified by an adverb. The word or phrase that follows a copular verb typically says something about the subject of the sentence.</p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px 40px; padding: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">The fish tasted <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">awful</span>. (NOT The fish tasted awfully.)</li></ul><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;">Here the adjective <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">awful</span> says something about the fish. It doesn’t modify the verb tasted.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;">Note that the adjective in an adjective phrase may be modified by an adverb. When it is modified by an adverb, the adverb goes before the adjective. The adjective may also be modified by other determiners like articles, possessives and demonstratives.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;">Consider the phrase ‘my cute little daughter’</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;">Here the adjective phrase ‘my cute little’ consists of a possessive (my) and two adjectives (cute and little).</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;">Sometimes the idea expressed by an adjective can also be expressed using a noun phrase. Consider the examples given below.</p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px 40px; padding: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Brutus is <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">an honorable man</span>. (Here the adjective honorable modifies the noun man.)</li></ul><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;">The same idea can be expressed using the phrase: a man of honor</p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px 40px; padding: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Brutus is a man of honor.</li></ul><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;">Another example is given below.</p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 26px 40px; padding: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Churchill was <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">an eminent man.</span> (Here the adjective eminent modifies the noun man.)</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: disc;">Churchill was <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">a man of eminence.</span> (Here the noun phrase ‘a man of eminence’ means the same as the phrase ‘an eminent man’.)</li></ul><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: lato, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfCo5zOAWUMCw9ZSrHnGanoCgQ5BFgo718zLCTI9tXeOPh1qg/viewform?embedded=true" width="640" height="3356" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">Loading…</iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-10790783386667466792021-02-06T22:48:00.001+07:002023-08-26T15:21:47.888+07:00Subjunctive - Practice<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdj5G3ZvzT6si5kKfL8tKJynqPcRLNWwWehTWaeTIkqaFJS6A/viewform?embedded=true" width="640" height="2268" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">Loading…</iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-20363532145214715002021-02-06T14:01:00.004+07:002023-08-26T15:21:39.982+07:00Subjunctive - Wishes<p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">The past tenses of the Subjunctive, and the auxiliary </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;">would</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">, are used in the subordinate clauses of sentences which use the verb </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;">to wish</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"> in the main clause. In the following examples, the verb </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;">to wish</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"> is printed in bold type, and the verbs in the subordinate clauses are underlined.</span></p><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">e.g. He </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;">wishes</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"> that he </span><u style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">were</u><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"> rich.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">They </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;">wish</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"> that they </span><u style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">had studied</u><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"> harder when they were young.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">She </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;">wishes</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"> that you </span><u style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">would come</u><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"> to the meeting tomorrow.</span><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">It should be noted that the word <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">that</span> can be omitted from a sentence which uses the verb <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">to wish</span> in the main clause.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />e.g. He <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">wishes</span> he <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">were</u> rich.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />They <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">wish</span> they <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">had studied</u> harder when they were young.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />She <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">wishes</span> you <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">would come</u> to the meeting tomorrow.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">The form of the verb used in the subordinate clause of a wish is independent of the tense of the verb in the main clause. As explained below, the form of the verb used in the subordinate clause of a wish is determined by whether the time of the action referred to in the subordinate clause is earlier than, the same as, or later than the time of the action referred to in the main clause.</p><h4 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2980b9; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 24px; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">a. An earlier time</span></h4><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">When the subordinate clause refers to an earlier time than the main clause, the Past Perfect Subjunctive is usually used in the subordinate clause. In the following examples, the verbs in the Past Perfect Subjunctive are underlined.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />e.g. We <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">wished</span> he <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">had spoken</u> to us.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />I <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">wish</span> you <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">had called</u> earlier.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />They <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">will wish</span> they <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">had listened</u> to us sooner.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">In the case of a continuous, ongoing action, the Past Perfect Continuous Subjunctive may be used instead of the Past Perfect Subjunctive. In the following example, the verb in the Past Perfect Continuous Subjunctive is underlined.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />e.g. She <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">wishes</span> she <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">had been staying</u> with us last week.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">In each of these examples, the use of the Past Perfect Subjunctive or the Past Perfect Continuous Subjunctive indicates that the subordinate clause refers to an earlier time than the main clause.</p><h4 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2980b9; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 24px; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">b. The same time</span></h4><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">When the subordinate clause refers to the same time as the main clause, the Simple Past Subjunctive is usually used in the subordinate clause. In the following examples, the verbs in the Simple Past Subjunctive are underlined.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />e.g. When she was at the party, she <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">wished</span> she <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">were</u> at home.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />Now that he is in China, he <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">wishes</span> he <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">understood</u> Chinese.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />When we begin the trip, they <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">will wish</span> they <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">were</u> with us.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">In the case of a continuous, ongoing action, the Past Continuous Subjunctive may be used instead of the Simple Past Subjunctive. In the following example, the verb in the Past Continuous Subjunctive is underlined.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />e.g. They <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">wish</span> they <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">were traveling</u> now.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">In each of these examples, the use of the Simple Past Subjunctive or the Past Continuous Subjunctive indicates that the subordinate clause refers to the same time as the main clause.</p><h4 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2980b9; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 24px; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">c. A later time</span></h4><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">When the subordinate clause refers to a later time than the main clause, the Simple conjugation with the auxiliary <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">would</span> is usually used in the subordinate clause. In the following examples, the verbs in the Simple conjugation with <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">would</span> are underlined.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />e.g. You <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">wished</span> she <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">would arrive</u> the next day.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />I <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">wish</span> she <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">would change</u> her mind.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />He <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">will wish</span> we <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">would join</u> him the following week.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">In each of these examples, the use of the Simple conjugation with <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">would</span> indicates that the subordinate clause refers to a later time than the main clause.</p><h4 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2980b9; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 24px; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">d. Summary</span></h4><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">The following table summarizes the verb forms most often used in the subordinate clauses of sentences expressing wishes.</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; table-layout: fixed; width: 95%px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Time Referred to in Subordinate Clause</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Compared to Time Referred to in Main Clause</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Form of Verb Used in Subordinate Clause</span></u></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Earlier</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Past Perfect Subjunctive <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">or</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Past Perfect Continuous Subjunctive</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> e.g. I wish it <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">had snowed</u> yesterday.</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Same</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Simple Past Subjunctive <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">or</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Past Continuous Subjunctive</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> e.g. I wish it <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">were snowing</u> now.</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Later</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Simple conjugation with <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">would</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> e.g. I wish it <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">would snow</u> tomorrow.</td></tr></tbody></table><h4 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #2980b9; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 24px; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><br />e. Use of the auxiliary Could in expressing wishes</span></h4><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">It should be noted that the modal auxiliary <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">could</span>, which will be discussed further in the next chapter, can also be used in the subordinate clause of a sentence expressing a wish. The auxiliary <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">could</span> forms conjugations in the same way as the auxiliary <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">would</span>.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />e.g. I wish I <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">could help</u> you tomorrow.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />I wish I <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">could help</u> you now.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">As illustrated in the preceding examples, the Simple conjugation with <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">could</span> may be used when the time referred to in the subordinate clause is later than, or the same as, the time referred to in the main clause.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">As illustrated in the following example, the Perfect conjugation with <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">could</span> may be used when the time referred to in the subordinate clause is earlier than the time referred to in the main clause.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />e.g. I wish I <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">could have helped</u> you yesterday.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></p>
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<script src="https://app.involve.me/embed"></script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-48244055845013069842021-02-06T12:44:00.001+07:002023-08-26T15:21:25.683+07:00Subjunctive : Uses & Formation<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Uses</b></span></p><p> <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">In modern English, the Simple Present Subjunctive is most commonly used in formal commands and requests. In the following examples, the verbs in the Simple Present Subjunctive are underlined.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">e.g. They demand that he <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">submit</u> a report.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />We request that you <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">be</u> here tomorrow.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">The Simple Present Subjunctive is also still used in a few traditional expressions.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />e.g. Long <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">live</u> the King!</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">The past tenses of the Subjunctive, and the auxiliary <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">would</span>, are used in expressing wishes.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />e.g. I wish you <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">were</u> here.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />I wish I <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">had known</u> that.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />I wish the rain <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">would stop</u>.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">The past tenses of the Subjunctive, and the auxiliary <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">would</span>, can also be used in order to indicate that conditions being expressed are false or improbable.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />e.g. If I <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">were</u> rich, I <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">would travel</u> around the world.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />If he <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">had been</u> here, he <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">would have been</u> glad to see you.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">In the first example, the use of the Simple Past Subjunctive <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">were</span> and the Simple conjugation with <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">would</span> indicates that the condition expressed in the clause <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">If I were rich</span> is false or improbable. In the second example, the use of the Past Perfect Subjunctive <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">had been</span>, and the Perfect conjugation with <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">would</span>, indicates that the condition expressed in the clause <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">If he had been here</span> is false.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"><b>Formation</b></p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">The English past and present tenses discussed in previous chapters are in what is usually referred to as the <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Indicative</span> Mood. Each of the past and present tenses in the Indicative Mood has a corresponding tense in the <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Subjunctive</span> Mood.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">In modern English, most verb tenses in the Subjunctive Mood are similar or identical to the corresponding tenses in the Indicative Mood. It should be noted that verbs in the Subjunctive Mood do not modify, but have the same form regardless of the subject.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">The Simple Present Subjunctive and Simple Past Subjunctive of the verb <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">to be</span> are shown below. The Indicative forms are also given, for purposes of comparison. The Subjunctive forms which differ from the corresponding Indicative forms are shown in bold type.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">The simple indicative and subjunctive tenses of the verb To Be</span></center><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"></center><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Simple Present</span></center><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; table-layout: fixed; width: 95%px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Indicative</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Subjunctive</span></u></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I am</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you are</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he is</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she is</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it is</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we are</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they are</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"></center><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Simple Past</span></center><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; table-layout: fixed; width: 95%px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Indicative</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Subjunctive</span></u></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I was</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">were</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you were</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you were</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he was</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">were</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she was</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">were</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it was</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">were</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we were</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we were</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they were</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they were</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">For any verb, the Simple Present Subjunctive is formed from the bare infinitive of the verb.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">For any verb except the verb <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">to be</span>, the Simple Past Subjunctive is identical to the Simple Past Indicative.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">For all of the past and present tenses conjugated with auxiliaries, the Subjunctive tenses are formed in the same way as the Indicative tenses, except that the Subjunctive of the auxiliaries is used.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">Using the example of the verb <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">to work</span>, the following table compares the tenses of the Indicative and Subjunctive Moods. The Subjunctive forms which differ from the corresponding Indicative forms are printed in bold type.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">The indicative and subjunctive tenses of the verb To Work</span></center><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"></center><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Simple Present</span></center><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; table-layout: fixed; width: 95%px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Indicative</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Subjunctive</span></u></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I work</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I work</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you work</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you work</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he works</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">work</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she works</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">work</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it works</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">work</span></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we work</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we work</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they work</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they work</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Present Continuous</span></center><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; table-layout: fixed; width: 95%px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Indicative</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Subjunctive</span></u></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I am working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span> working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you are working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span> working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he is working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span> working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she is working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span> working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it is working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span> working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we are working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span> working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they are working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">be</span> working</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Present Perfect</span></center><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; table-layout: fixed; width: 95%px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Indicative</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Subjunctive</span></u></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I have worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I have worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you have worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you have worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he has worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">have</span> worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she has worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">have</span> worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it has worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">have</span> worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we have worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we have worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they have worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they have worked</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Present Perfect Continuous</span></center><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; table-layout: fixed; width: 95%px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Indicative</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Subjunctive</span></u></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I have been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I have been working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you have been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you have been working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he has been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">have</span> been working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she has been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">have</span> been working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it has been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">have</span> been working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we have been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we have been working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they have been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they have been working</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Simple Past</span></center><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; table-layout: fixed; width: 95%px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Indicative</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Subjunctive</span></u></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they worked</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Past Continuous</span></center><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; table-layout: fixed; width: 95%px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Indicative</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Subjunctive</span></u></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I was working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">were</span> working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you were working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you were working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he was working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">were</span> working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she was working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">were</span> working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it was working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">were</span> working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we were working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we were working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they were working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they were working</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Past Perfect</span></center><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; table-layout: fixed; width: 95%px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Indicative</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Subjunctive</span></u></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I had worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I had worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you had worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you had worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he had worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he had worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she had worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she had worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it had worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it had worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we had worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we had worked</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they had worked</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they had worked</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Past Perfect Continuous</span></center><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; table-layout: fixed; width: 95%px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Indicative</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Subjunctive</span></u></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I had been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> I had been working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you had been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> you had been working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he had been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> he had been working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she had been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> she had been working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it had been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> it had been working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we had been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> we had been working</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they had been working</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> they had been working</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">The following table summarizes the formation of the English Subjunctive tenses:</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; table-layout: fixed; width: 95%px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;"><br />Tense</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Auxiliary</span></u></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"><u style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">Verb Form</span></u></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Simple Present</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> do</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> bare infinitive</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Present Continuous</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> be</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> present participle</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Present Perfect</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> have</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> past participle</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Present Perfect Continuous</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> have been</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> present participle</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Simple Past</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> did</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> bare infinitive</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Past Continuous</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> were</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> present participle</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Past Perfect</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> had</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> past participle</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> Past Perfect Continuous</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> had been</td><td style="border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 8px;"> present participle</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Formal Command and Request</b></span><div><br /></div><div><center style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">The Simple Present Subjunctive was once more extensively used than it is today. In modern American English, the Simple Present Subjunctive is still used in clauses beginning with the word <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">that</span> which express formal commands or requests. In the following examples, the word <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">that</span> is printed in bold type, and the verbs in the Simple Present Subjunctive are underlined.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />e.g. They requested <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">that</span> she <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">arrive</u> early.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />It is important <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">that</span> they <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">be</u> present at the meeting.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />The demand <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">that</span> he <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">provide</u> identification will create a delay.</center><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">The main clauses of the preceding examples are </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;">they requested</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">, </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;">it is important</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"> and </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;">the demand will create a delay</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;">. In the first example, the verb </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;">requested</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"> is in the Simple Past; in the second example, the verb </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;">is</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"> is in the Simple Present; and in the third example, the verb </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700;">will create</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px;"> is in the Simple Future.</span><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">As illustrated in these examples, the use of the Simple Present Subjunctive in the subordinate clause of a formal command or request is independent of the tense of the verb in the main clause.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;">The Simple Present Subjunctive is more commonly used in formal English than in informal English. For instance, the sentence “He advises <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;">that</span> you not <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">be</u> late,” is an example of formal English. In informal English, the same idea would probably be expressed by the sentence “He advises you not <u style="box-sizing: inherit;">to be</u> late,” in which the infinitive is used, rather than a clause requiring the Simple Present Subjunctive.</p><p style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "segoe ui", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "apple color emoji", "segoe ui emoji", "segoe ui symbol"; font-size: 17px; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px;"><br /></p></div>
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<script src="https://app.involve.me/embed"></script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1554685955713828717.post-70196194122060033252020-09-15T16:41:00.002+07:002023-08-26T15:19:55.130+07:00Passive - Structure Exercise<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw1S1vYQ-EnOoEg6Ql6wkG11kUC77kXfP1u9QHS6fky0odSg/viewform?embedded=true" width="640" height="1790" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">Loading…</iframe><p> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com